📊 The 10 Elasticity Factors
Based on The Strategy and Tactics of Pricing (Nagle & Muller)
1. Perceived Substitutes
2. Unique Value
3. Switching Costs
4. Difficult Comparison
5. Price-Quality Effect
6. Expenditure Effect
7. End-Benefit Effect
8. Shared-Cost Effect
9. Fairness Effect
10. Inventory Effect
Optimal Price = Cost × (E / (1+E))
The profit-maximizing markup rule